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Alveolar Process of the Jaw

Also known as: Alveolar bone, Alveolar process of maxilla, Alveolar part of mandible

The alveolar process (Latin: processus alveolaris) is an anatomical part of the jaw that bears the teeth and forms the bony sockets of the teeth (alveoli). This structure is functionally dependent: it develops during the process of tooth eruption and undergoes gradual atrophy after their loss.

Etiology and pathophysiology

The alveolar process consists of an outer and inner cortical plate with spongy substance in between. In chronic inflammatory processes at the apex of the tooth (apical periodontitis), the alveolar bone is destroyed and replaced by granulation. In reactive processes, such as condensing osteitis, the bone becomes denser.

Clinical significance

The condition of the alveolar process is assessed by radiography and is a key factor in diagnosing complications of caries. Maintaining the height and density of the alveolar process bone is important not only for tooth health but also for the possibility of subsequent dental implantation in case of bone tissue loss.