Anesthesia

Analysis of basic monitoring standards during anesthesia. Mandatory parameters of oxygenation, ventilation, and hemodynamics for patient safety.

Subarachnoid (spinal) anesthesia is a method of neuraxial block. Details on techniques, indications, selection of local anesthetics, anatomical and physiological aspects, and prevention of complications are provided.

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Anesthesiology. Pulmonary artery catheterization, central venous catheterization, and invasive blood pressure monitoring are considered.

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity is a severe complication of anesthesia. Analysis of risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, and lipid rescue protocol.

General anesthesia: principles of preanesthetic evaluation, general anesthesia methods and choice, anesthetic classification and patient safety protocols.

Rapid Sequence Induction/Intubation (RSI) is a method of airway protection in the event of risk of aspiration. Indications, preoxygenation, agents, and technique are considered.