Tooth restoration

A dental restoration (Latin restauratio ) is a specialized biocompatible material used to fill cavities in a tooth caused by decay or trauma. The primary goal of a tooth restoration is to restore anatomical form, function, and seal the tooth tissue.

Classification of restorations:

• Direct restorations: are fabricated directly in the oral cavity;
• Indirect restorations (veneers, inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges): fabricated in a dental laboratory and then fixed in the mouth.

Etiology and pathophysiology

Modern restorative materials (photocured composites) create a bond with the tooth tissue (known as adhesion) by forming a hybrid layer using an adhesive system. Glass ionomer cements create a chemical bond with the tooth tissue. This allows not just closing the defect, but also restoring the mechanical strength of the tooth crown. A properly placed restoration completely isolates the dentin from the outside environment, preventing bacteria from entering the tooth, and restores the form and function of one or more teeth.

Clinical significance

The quality of the restoration is determined by its adherence to the edges of the dental hard tissue defect. If microcavities are present (breach of seal), secondary caries develops. The longevity of the restoration depends on the amount of tooth tissue preserved, the dentist’s adherence to the restorative protocol, the quality of the restorative materials used, and the patient’s compliance with personal oral hygiene.