{"id":6662,"date":"2026-04-16T13:54:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:54:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/glossary\/lesao-axonal-difusa\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T13:22:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:22:58","slug":"lesao-axonal-difusa","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/lesao-axonal-difusa\/","title":{"rendered":"Les\u00e3o axonal difusa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les\u00e3o axonal difusa (do lat. <em>diffusus<\/em> &#8211; disperso, difuso e do gr. <em>axon<\/em> &#8211; eixo, prolongamento da c\u00e9lula nervosa) \u00e9 uma das formas mais graves e prognosticamente desfavor\u00e1veis de traumatismo craniano. <\/p>\n\n<p>Ela \u00e9 caracterizada por m\u00faltiplos desgarros microsc\u00f3picos de fibras nervosas em vastas \u00e1reas de subst\u00e2ncia branca do c\u00e9rebro.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Esta patologia surge exclusivamente em traumas de alta energia com rota\u00e7\u00e3o acentuada (acelera\u00e7\u00e3o rotacional) ou desacelera\u00e7\u00e3o abrupta, o que \u00e9 t\u00edpico em acidentes automobil\u00edsticos severos. Com este mecanismo, partes menos fixas do c\u00e9rebro (como os grandes hemisf\u00e9rios) deslocam-se em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao tronco cerebral fixo, o que leva a danos nas vias condutoras na regi\u00e3o dos ped\u00fanculos cerebrais.<\/p>\n\n<p>A diferen\u00e7a f\u00edsica de in\u00e9rcia causa o efeito de &#8220;tesoura gigante&#8221;, que estica, torce e rasga mecanicamente os prolongamentos longos dos neur\u00f4nios (ax\u00f4nios) e os pequenos vasos sangu\u00edneos. O processo destrutivo n\u00e3o termina no momento do acidente. No dia seguinte, os ax\u00f4nios danificados, mas ainda intactos, incham, seu esqueleto de transporte interno \u00e9 destru\u00eddo e eles se separam definitivamente de suas c\u00e9lulas (a chamada axotomia secund\u00e1ria).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>A imagem cl\u00ednica cl\u00e1ssica \u00e9 o desenvolvimento imediato de um coma profundo e prolongado no local do acidente. Neste caso, o paciente n\u00e3o apresenta hematomas intracranianos significativos ou fraturas que poderiam explicar a gravidade da condi\u00e7\u00e3o. No per\u00edodo agudo, observam-se sintomas graves de tronco cerebral, rigidez de decerebra\u00e7\u00e3o (extens\u00e3o for\u00e7ada e n\u00e3o-natural dos membros) e perturba\u00e7\u00e3o no ritmo respirat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n<p>O diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 desafiante: em tomografias computadorizadas iniciais, o c\u00e9rebro pode parecer praticamente normal ou mostrar apenas pequenas hemorragias pontuais no corpo caloso. A resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica \u00e9 o padr\u00e3o-ouro para a confirma\u00e7\u00e3o do diagn\u00f3stico. O progn\u00f3stico \u00e9 extremamente grave: a patologia frequentemente leva \u00e0 profunda incapacidade, transi\u00e7\u00e3o do paciente para um estado vegetativo cr\u00f4nico ou \u00f3bito.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les\u00e3o axonal difusa (do lat. <em>diffusus<\/em> &#8211; disperso, difuso e do gr. <em>axon<\/em> &#8211; eixo, prolongamento da c\u00e9lula nervosa) \u00e9 uma das formas mais graves e prognosticamente desfavor\u00e1veis de traumatismo craniano. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-6662","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les\u00e3o axonal difusa: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les\u00e3o axonal difusa (do lat. diffusus - 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