{"id":2393,"date":"2026-01-29T17:36:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T14:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/glossary\/sindrome-de-ramsay-hunt\/"},"modified":"2026-01-29T17:36:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T14:36:01","slug":"sindrome-de-ramsay-hunt","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/sindrome-de-ramsay-hunt\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a neurol\u00f3gica causada pela reativa\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus varicela-z\u00f3ster (Varicella-zoster virus<\/em>) no g\u00e2nglio geniculado (ganglion geniculi) do nervo facial. Essa s\u00edndrome \u00e9 uma forma espec\u00edfica de herpes-z\u00f3ster que afeta as estruturas do ouvido e o nervo facial.<\/p>\n\n

A doen\u00e7a \u00e9 caracterizada por uma tr\u00edade cl\u00e1ssica de sintomas: a paralisia unilateral aguda dos m\u00fasculos faciais, a dor intensa no ouvido e o aparecimento de uma erup\u00e7\u00e3o vesicular dolorosa na aur\u00edcula, no canal auditivo externo ou na cavidade oral.<\/p>\n\n

Etiologia e fisiopatologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

A s\u00edndrome \u00e9 causada pelo v\u00edrus Varicella-zoster<\/em> (VVZ), que, ap\u00f3s a catapora na inf\u00e2ncia, permanece em um estado latente nos g\u00e2nglios nervosos por toda a vida. Quando o sistema imunol\u00f3gico est\u00e1 enfraquecido (devido a estresse, idade ou doen\u00e7as concomitantes), o v\u00edrus pode se reativar.<\/p>\n\n

Na s\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt, a reativa\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre no g\u00e2nglio geniculado, um g\u00e2nglio sensorial do nervo facial (VII par de nervos cranianos). A inflama\u00e7\u00e3o e o incha\u00e7o do g\u00e2nglio e do pr\u00f3prio nervo (ganglionite) levam \u00e0 disfun\u00e7\u00e3o, causando a paralisia facial. Ao se propagar pelas fibras sensoriais, o v\u00edrus atinge a pele do ouvido e as mucosas, causando as erup\u00e7\u00f5es herp\u00e9ticas caracter\u00edsticas. Devido \u00e0 sua proximidade com o nervo facial, o nervo vestibulococlear (VIII par) frequentemente est\u00e1 envolvido no processo, explicando as altera\u00e7\u00f5es auditivas e vestibulares.<\/p>\n\n

Import\u00e2ncia cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

A s\u00edndrome de Ramsay-Hunt \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o deemerg\u00eancia em neurologia e otorrinolaringologia, pois o progn\u00f3stico para a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o da fun\u00e7\u00e3o do nervo facial depende diretamente da rapidez do tratamento.<\/p>\n\n

Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Paralisia facial:<\/strong> Paresia ou paralisia perif\u00e9rica unilateral que se manifesta por assimetria facial, incapacidade de fechar o olho, franzir a testa ou sorrir no lado afetado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dor no ouvido (otalgia):<\/strong> Frequentemente intensa, pontadas ou queima\u00e7\u00e3o, pode preceder outros sintomas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Erup\u00e7\u00e3o vesicular:<\/strong> Grupos de pequenas bolhas sobre uma base hiper\u00eamica no ouvido, no canal auditivo, no t\u00edmpano e, \u00e0s vezes, no palato ou na l\u00edngua.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dist\u00farbios auditivo-vestibulares (com envolvimento do VIII nervo):<\/strong> Perda auditiva (perda auditiva neurossensorial), zumbido, tontura (vertigem), n\u00e1usea, nistagmo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Outros sintomas:<\/strong> Dist\u00farbio do paladar nos dois ter\u00e7os anteriores da l\u00edngua, olho seco, aumento da sensibilidade a sons (hiperacusia).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    O diagn\u00f3stico \u00e9 cl\u00ednico, baseado em uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o caracter\u00edstica de sintomas. O tratamento deve ser iniciado o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel (o ideal \u00e9 nas primeiras 72 horas) e inclui a terapia tripla: os medicamentos antivirais em altas doses (aciclovir, valaciclovir), os corticosteroides sist\u00eamicos para reduzir o edema nervoso e os analg\u00e9sicos. Os cuidados com os olhos s\u00e3o essenciais para prevenir a ceratite.<\/p>\n\n

    Aspectos de diagn\u00f3stico diferencial<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    O principal diagn\u00f3stico diferencial \u00e9 a paralisia de Bell \u2014 a paralisia idiop\u00e1tica do nervo facial. A principal diferen\u00e7a da s\u00edndrome de Ramsay-Hunt \u00e9 a presen\u00e7a de uma erup\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea herp\u00e9tica caracter\u00edstica e, frequentemente, uma maior gravidade da paresia. Em alguns casos, a erup\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea pode estar ausente (zoster sine herpete) ou aparecer mais tarde do que a paralisia, dificultando assim o diagn\u00f3stico. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio tamb\u00e9m excluir outras causas de paralisia facial: os tumores do \u00e2ngulo pontocerebelar, a otite m\u00e9dia, a doen\u00e7a de Lyme, o acidente vascular cerebral. Em geral, o progn\u00f3stico para a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o completa da fun\u00e7\u00e3o do nervo facial na s\u00edndrome de Ramsay-Hunt \u00e9 pior do que na paralisia de Bell.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a neurol\u00f3gica causada pela reativa\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus varicela-z\u00f3ster (Varicella-zoster virus) no g\u00e2nglio geniculado (ganglion geniculi) do nervo facial. Essa s\u00edndrome \u00e9 uma forma espec\u00edfica de herpes-z\u00f3ster que afeta as estruturas do ouvido e o nervo facial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-2393","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt: defini\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica e vis\u00e3o geral | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u00edndrome de Ramsay Hunt \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a neurol\u00f3gica causada pela reativa\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus varicela-z\u00f3ster (Varicella-zoster virus) no g\u00e2nglio geniculado (ganglion geniculi) do nervo facial. 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