{"id":910,"date":"2025-04-11T16:19:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T13:19:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/diseases\/uncategorized\/nedostatochnost-aortalnogo-klapana\/"},"modified":"2025-09-29T10:38:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T07:38:00","slug":"regurgitacao-aortica","status":"publish","type":"diseases_post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/doencas\/cardiologia\/regurgitacao-aortica\/","title":{"rendered":"Insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica: \u0421ausas, fisiopatologia, sintomas, gravidade, diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?><\/p>\n<p>A insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica (IVA) \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a card\u00edaca em que as abas da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica n\u00e3o fecham completamente, fazendo com que o sangue flua para tr\u00e1s (regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o) da aorta para o ventr\u00edculo esquerdo.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-dilatacao-da-valvula-aortica\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/3%20Aortic%20valve%20dilatation%2BBG%2BLogo%2Bplashki%2Bsound.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 Dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-redundancia-de-folhetos-da-valvula-aortica\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/4%20Redundancy%20of%20the%20aortic%20valve%20leaflets%20BG%2BLogo%2Bsound%2Bplashki.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 Redund\u00e2ncia de folhetos da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"epidemiologia\"><strong>Epidemiologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica (RA) \u00e9 a <strong>terceira doen\u00e7a valvular mais comum do <\/strong>cora\u00e7\u00e3o. De acordo com o estudo de Framingham, a sua incid\u00eancia na popula\u00e7\u00e3o adulta \u00e9 de 4,9%, sendo que as formas moderadas e graves ocorrem em 0,5% das pessoas. <\/li>\n<li>Os homens adoecem mais frequentemente do que as mulheres. <\/li>\n<li>Nos pa\u00edses desenvolvidos, as altera\u00e7\u00f5es degenerativas e ateroscler\u00f3ticas da v\u00e1lvula relacionadas com a idade s\u00e3o as principais causas da doen\u00e7a. <\/li>\n<li>Em pa\u00edses com acesso limitado aos cuidados de sa\u00fade, as doen\u00e7as infecciosas, como a febre reum\u00e1tica e a endocardite infecciosa, continuam a ser as principais causas de doen\u00e7a valvular a\u00f3rtica e podem levar ao desenvolvimento precoce da doen\u00e7a valvular, muitas vezes logo na inf\u00e2ncia. <\/li>\n<li>Prev\u00ea-se que o peso da RA aumente nas pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas devido ao envelhecimento da popula\u00e7\u00e3o e ao aumento da preval\u00eancia de doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares. Al\u00e9m disso, o desenvolvimento de estudos ecocardiogr\u00e1ficos tornou poss\u00edvel a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de formas subcl\u00ednicas de RA. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/3%20Dilatation%20of%20the%20aortic%20valve.webp\" alt=\"Dilata\u00e7\u00e3o do anel\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dilata\u00e7\u00e3o do anel \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/d1df170c-51ef-4d23-93b5-0380d03866e5\/dcb01001-048b-4342-a432-a6e7457cdd5e\/0213b51f-04d6-4356-98e7-a2a58557aeda\/c2e05c2d-744e-4d1f-8a2a-f827b5d4e366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/4_Redundancy_of_the_aortic_valve_cusps.webp\" alt=\"Redund\u00e2ncia de folhas\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Redund\u00e2ncia da folha \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/d1df170c-51ef-4d23-93b5-0380d03866e5\/dcb01001-048b-4342-a432-a6e7457cdd5e\/0213b51f-04d6-4356-98e7-a2a58557aeda\/d1cd7001-455c-4b25-9315-55735b290ab5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-etiologia\"><strong>A etiologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Os processos degenerativos<\/strong>, incluindo calcifica\u00e7\u00e3o, fibrose e prolapso em flocos, est\u00e3o frequentemente associados \u00e0 estenose a\u00f3rtica. <strong>A endocardite infecciosa<\/strong> leva \u00e0 destrui\u00e7\u00e3o dos folhetos, e <strong>a febre reum\u00e1tica<\/strong> leva \u00e0 deforma\u00e7\u00e3o dos folhetos e \u00e0 regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva.<\/li>\n<li><strong>As doen\u00e7as sist\u00e9micas do tecido conjuntivo<\/strong> (Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, Ehlers-Danlos vascular) causam dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta e aumento do risco de dissec\u00e7\u00e3o (dissec\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica). <strong>Os processos inflamat\u00f3rios<\/strong> (doen\u00e7a de Takayasu, granulomatose com poliangiite) e <strong>as patologias auto-imunes<\/strong> (LES, s\u00edndroma antifosfol\u00edpido) levam \u00e0 remodela\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta e \u00e0 RA secund\u00e1ria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A dilata\u00e7\u00e3o do anel valvular a\u00f3rtico<\/strong> associada a aneurismas, hipertens\u00e3o arterial e doen\u00e7as do tecido conjuntivo provoca diverg\u00eancia dos retalhos. <strong>Prolapso, excesso de retalhos<\/strong> impedem o seu fechamento normal, aumentando a regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><em>A RA tamb\u00e9m pode ocorrer em fugas da paracapa ap\u00f3s a implanta\u00e7\u00e3o da pr\u00f3tese<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/1_Aortic_valve_stenosis_rheumatic.webp\" alt=\"Estenose da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica reum\u00e1tica\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Estenose reum\u00e1tica da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/d1df170c-51ef-4d23-93b5-0380d03866e5\/dcb01001-048b-4342-a432-a6e7457cdd5e\/bd0c3f1b-4c20-4562-a70d-7fea4e320235\/afd818de-5be8-4a23-aad2-fa19caae81d5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/3D%20Model%20of%20Aortic%20Valve%20Stenosis%202.webp\" alt=\"Estenose degenerativa da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Estenose degenerativa da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.voka.io\/en\/models\/d1df170c-51ef-4d23-93b5-0380d03866e5\/dcb01001-048b-4342-a432-a6e7457cdd5e\/bd0c3f1b-4c20-4562-a70d-7fea4e320235\/d6dd2d20-d673-42bf-ab3d-68b273702d2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Modelo 3D<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fisiopatologia\"><strong>Fisiopatologia<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>A regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica aguda<\/strong> desenvolve-se subitamente, mais frequentemente devido a endocardite infecciosa, dissec\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta ou traumatismo da v\u00e1lvula.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sobrecarga aguda de volume e aumento da press\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica \u2013 um fluxo sangu\u00edneo significativo de volta ao VE durante a di\u00e1stole causa um aumento agudo da press\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica final (PDE). Isso reduz sua complac\u00eancia, aumenta a carga no \u00e1trio esquerdo e causa estase de sangue no pequeno c\u00edrculo, levando ao <span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"Edema\" data-tooltip=\"O edema \u00e9 uma acumula\u00e7\u00e3o excessiva de l\u00edquido nos espa\u00e7os intercelulares (intersticiais) dos tecidos ou nas cavidades serosas do corpo. Clinicamente, manifesta-se por incha\u00e7o, aumento do volume de um \u00f3rg\u00e3o ou de uma parte do corpo. \" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/edema\/\">edema<\/span> pulmonar. <\/li>\n<li>Diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do d\u00e9bito card\u00edaco efetivo \u2013 apesar do trabalho hiperdin\u00e2mico do VE, a maior parte do sangue \u00e9 devolvido a este, levando a uma queda da press\u00e3o arterial, hipoperfus\u00e3o de \u00f3rg\u00e3os e choque cardiog\u00e9nico.<\/li>\n<li>Comprometimento da perfus\u00e3o coronariana \u2013 a PAM elevada do VE reduz o gradiente de press\u00e3o entre a aorta e as art\u00e9rias coron\u00e1rias, reduzindo o suprimento sangu\u00edneo do mioc\u00e1rdio e causando isquemia mioc\u00e1rdica.<\/li>\n<li>Resposta compensat\u00f3ria \u2013 a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema simp\u00e1tico-adrenal provoca taquicardia e vasoconstri\u00e7\u00e3o, numa tentativa de manter o d\u00e9bito card\u00edaco. No entanto, isso aumenta a p\u00f3s-carga e exacerba a regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A RA aguda leva rapidamente a edema pulmonar, hipotens\u00e3o e choque, exigindo interven\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica de emerg\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A RA cr\u00f3nica <\/strong>desenvolve-se gradualmente, na maioria das vezes devido a altera\u00e7\u00f5es degenerativas da v\u00e1lvula, v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica bic\u00faspide, febre reum\u00e1tica ou dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta. O cora\u00e7\u00e3o tem tempo para se adaptar \u00e0 sobrecarga de volume, mas com o tempo os mecanismos compensat\u00f3rios esgotam-se, levando \u00e0 descompensa\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hipertrofia exc\u00eantrica do VE \u2013 a sobrecarga prolongada de volume causa dilata\u00e7\u00e3o do VE com crescimento concomitante dos mi\u00f3citos para manter o d\u00e9bito card\u00edaco normal.<\/li>\n<li>Dilata\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva do VE \u2013 em fases avan\u00e7adas, devido ao aumento cr\u00f3nico do volume do VE, as suas paredes perdem elasticidade, o que reduz a fra\u00e7\u00e3o de eje\u00e7\u00e3o e leva \u00e0 disfun\u00e7\u00e3o sist\u00f3lica. A dimens\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica final do VE ultrapassa os 70 mm. <\/li>\n<li>Fluxo sangu\u00edneo coron\u00e1rio prejudicado \u2013 um VE aumentado necessita de mais oxig\u00e9nio, mas a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica na aorta piora a perfus\u00e3o do mioc\u00e1rdio, contribuindo para a isqu\u00e9mia.<\/li>\n<li>Altera\u00e7\u00f5es hemodin\u00e2micas \u2013 a press\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica baixa (<50 mmHg) reduz o fluxo sangu\u00edneo coron\u00e1rio e a congest\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica do pequeno c\u00edrculo provoca um aumento da press\u00e3o na aur\u00edcula esquerda e nas veias pulmonares.<\/li>\n<li>Desenvolvimento de insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca \u2013 com a progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a, desenvolve-se estase nos pequenos e grandes c\u00edrculos, que \u00e9 acompanhada por dispneia, ortopneia, dispneia parox\u00edstica nocturna, bem como edema perif\u00e9rico e hepatomegalia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"manifestacoes-clinicas\"><strong>Manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong> A RA aguda<\/strong> manifesta-se por uma deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida do estado. <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dispneia de in\u00edcio s\u00fabito que evolui para edema pulmonar, acompanhada de ortopneia e sufoca\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/li>\n<li>A hipotens\u00e3o grave e o choque cardiog\u00e9nico s\u00e3o causados por uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o acentuada do d\u00e9bito card\u00edaco, que se manifesta por fraqueza, tonturas e perturba\u00e7\u00f5es da consci\u00eancia. <\/li>\n<li>Em alguns casos de endocardite infecciosa, podem ocorrer febre, arrepios e sinais de septicemia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>A RA cr\u00f3nica<\/strong> permanece assintom\u00e1tica durante muito tempo devido \u00e0 adapta\u00e7\u00e3o do ventr\u00edculo esquerdo \u00e0 sobrecarga de volume. <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c0 medida que a doen\u00e7a progride, surgem sensa\u00e7\u00f5es de palpita\u00e7\u00f5es e aumento da pulsa\u00e7\u00e3o, especialmente na posi\u00e7\u00e3o supina, devido ao aumento do volume sist\u00f3lico e \u00e0 elevada diferen\u00e7a de pulso. <\/li>\n<li>Os doentes podem queixar-se de uma sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de aban\u00e3o na regi\u00e3o da cabe\u00e7a e do pesco\u00e7o devido ao aumento da pulsa\u00e7\u00e3o das grandes art\u00e9rias. <\/li>\n<li>Com o tempo, desenvolve dispneia com o esfor\u00e7o f\u00edsico. Em casos graves, a dispneia torna-se permanente, acompanhada de ataques de asfixia nocturna, o que indica uma congest\u00e3o no pequeno c\u00edrculo da circula\u00e7\u00e3o sangu\u00ednea. <\/li>\n<li>A dor card\u00edaca ocorre numa parte dos doentes e \u00e9 causada por uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da perfus\u00e3o coron\u00e1ria devido a uma press\u00e3o diast\u00f3lica baixa. A angina de peito na AR desenvolve-se mais frequentemente \u00e0 noite, quando o ritmo card\u00edaco \u00e9 mais lento.  <\/li>\n<li>As fases tardias da doen\u00e7a s\u00e3o acompanhadas por sintomas crescentes de insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca congestiva, incluindo edema perif\u00e9rico, hepatomegalia e ascite. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnostico\"><strong>Diagn\u00f3stico<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ecocardiograma transtor\u00e1cico (ETT)<\/span>: \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica fundamental para confirmar o diagn\u00f3stico de RA, avaliar a morfologia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica, o grau de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o, o tamanho e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do ventr\u00edculo esquerdo (VE) e as dimens\u00f5es da aorta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Crit\u00e9rios para RA grave de acordo com o ETT: veia contracta >6 mm; fluxo sangu\u00edneo diast\u00f3lico inverso na aorta descendente. Volume de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o >60 ml por ciclo; fra\u00e7\u00e3o de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o >50%. \u00c1rea efetiva do orif\u00edcio de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o (EROA) \u22650,30 cm\u00b2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Graus de insufici\u00eancia a\u00f3rtica por ecocardiografia transtor\u00e1cica<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table table-to-cards\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Par\u00e2metro<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AR ligeira <br \/>(I grau)<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AR moderada <br \/>(II grau)<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">RA grave <br \/>(III grau)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Di\u00e2metro da veia contracta<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">< 3 mm<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3-6 mm<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">> 6 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Volume de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">< 30 ml<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30-60 ml<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">> 60 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Fra\u00e7\u00e3o de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">< 30%<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30-50%<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">> 50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00c1rea efectiva do orif\u00edcio de regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o (EROA)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">< 0,10 cm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,10-0,30 cm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2265 0,30 cm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Inverte o fluxo sangu\u00edneo diast\u00f3lico<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ausente<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Presente, mas n\u00e3o na aorta descendente<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Inverte o fluxo sangu\u00edneo na aorta descendente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ecocardiografia transesof\u00e1gica (ETT)<\/span>: recomendada quando a ETT n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficientemente informativa, especialmente em casos de suspeita de endocardite infecciosa ou quando est\u00e1 prevista uma interven\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"RM (Resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica)\" data-tooltip=\"A resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica (RM) \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica de imagem moderna n\u00e3o invasiva que produz imagens em camadas altamente detalhadas de \u00f3rg\u00e3os e tecidos internos. O m\u00e9todo baseia-se no fen\u00f3meno da resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica nuclear. A principal vantagem da RM \u00e9 a aus\u00eancia de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/rm\/\">Resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica<\/span> (RM)<\/span>: raramente, mas pode ser usada para avaliar o volume da regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do VE, especialmente quando o ecocardiograma fornece dados limitados.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-title=\"Tomografia computorizada\" data-tooltip=\"A tomografia computadorizada \u00e9 um exame de imagem que usa raios X para obter imagens transversais (cortes) de \u00f3rg\u00e3os e tecidos internos. \u00c9 uma das principais t\u00e9cnicas de imagem da medicina moderna, com elevado n\u00edvel de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00e3o.\" data-link=\"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/pt\/glossario\/tc-tomografia-computadorizada\/\">Tomografia computorizada<\/span> (TC)<\/span>: utilizada para uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o pormenorizada do tamanho e do estado da aorta, especialmente quando se suspeita de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o ou aneurisma e para a escolha do acesso cir\u00fargico.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Eletrocardiograma (ECG)<\/span>: ajuda a detetar sinais de hipertrofia do VE e outras anomalias associadas.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Radiografia do t\u00f3rax<\/span>: pode mostrar um aumento do tamanho do cora\u00e7\u00e3o e sinais de congest\u00e3o pulmonar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"social-banner-block\">\n<div class=\"social-banner-content\">\n<p class=\"h5-title text-black\">Encontra mais conte\u00fados cientificamente exactos nas nossas redes sociais<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"social-banner-text text-grey\">Subscreve e n\u00e3o percas os recursos mais recentes<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"social-links-wrapper\"><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOKA3DAnatomyAndPathology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/facebook.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/voka.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/insta.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/voka-io\/posts\/?feedView=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/linkedin.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@vokaio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/youtube.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/voka3danatomyandpathology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/pinterest.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@voka.io\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/tiktok.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><a class=\"social-icon-link\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/7ejUpq8DRR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/Social%20Icons\/discord.svg\" alt=\"social link\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"social-banner-image\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/common\/social-media-banner-mobile-image.webp\" alt=\"Banner background\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tratamento-da-insuficiencia-da-valvula-aortica\"><strong>Tratamento da insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modificacao-dos-factores-de-risco\"><strong>Modifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos factores de risco<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Controlo da press\u00e3o arterial, uma vez que a hipertens\u00e3o sist\u00e9mica favorece a dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da raiz da aorta e piora a coapta\u00e7\u00e3o dos flaps valvulares.<\/li>\n<li>Corre\u00e7\u00e3o da hiperlipidemia, cessa\u00e7\u00e3o do tabagismo e controlo do peso.<\/li>\n<li>A atividade f\u00edsica regular de intensidade moderada melhora a fun\u00e7\u00e3o card\u00edaca, mas o treino de for\u00e7a intenso e os desportos com um elevado n\u00edvel de carga est\u00e1tica (por exemplo, levantamento de pesos) est\u00e3o contra-indicados na RA grave.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"terapia-medicamentosa\"><strong>Terapia medicamentosa<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A terapia hipotensiva \u00e9 indicada para hipertens\u00e3o arterial e dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta; tanto os ECAs quanto os BRAs s\u00e3o mais eficazes na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da p\u00f3s-carga e dilata\u00e7\u00e3o do VE.<\/li>\n<li>Em doentes com s\u00edndrome de Marfan, os beta-bloqueadores ou os bloqueadores dos canais de c\u00e1lcio s\u00e3o preferidos para abrandar a dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta. <\/li>\n<li>Os diur\u00e9ticos s\u00e3o utilizados na insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca congestiva para reduzir a carga de trabalho do cora\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/li>\n<li>Os beta-bloqueadores s\u00e3o utilizados na dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta, mas est\u00e3o contra-indicados na RA grave isolada sem hipertens\u00e3o, uma vez que podem agravar a hemodin\u00e2mica.<\/li>\n<li>Os vasodilatadores s\u00e3o administrados de forma limitada, em casos selecionados de RA sintom\u00e1tica com elevada resist\u00eancia vascular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"implantacao-de-valvula-aortica-transcateter-tavi\"><strong>Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica transcateter (TAVI) <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u00c9 amplamente utilizada na estenose a\u00f3rtica, mas sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o na RA isolada \u00e9 limitada. Isto deve-se a peculiaridades anat\u00f3micas: a aus\u00eancia de calcifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos folhetos reduz a estabilidade da pr\u00f3tese implantada, o que aumenta o risco de fugas peri-valvulares e de deslocamento da v\u00e1lvula. <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contra-indica\u00e7\u00f5es para TAVI em RA: RA isolada sem calcifica\u00e7\u00e3o em flocos; dilata\u00e7\u00e3o significativa da raiz da aorta que torne inst\u00e1vel a fixa\u00e7\u00e3o da pr\u00f3tese.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-implante-de-valvula-aortica-transcateter-tavi\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/Sec.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 Implante de v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica transcateter (TAVI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tratamento-cirurgico\"><strong>Tratamento cir\u00fargico<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A corre\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica continua a ser a base do tratamento da RA grave, especialmente em doentes com sintomas ou sinais de disfun\u00e7\u00e3o ventricular esquerda. <\/p>\n<p><strong>A substitui\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica<\/strong> est\u00e1 indicada nos seguintes casos:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RA grave assintom\u00e1tica;<\/li>\n<li>RA grave assintom\u00e1tica com QDR do VE >70 mm, CSR >50 mm, ou PV <50%;<\/li>\n<li>A cirurgia da aorta ascendente \u00e9 efectuada em casos de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica acentuada (>55 mm, e >50 mm na s\u00edndrome de Marfan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Na substitui\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica da v\u00e1lvula, s\u00e3o utilizadas pr\u00f3teses mec\u00e2nicas ou biol\u00f3gicas. A escolha depende da idade do doente, da presen\u00e7a de contra-indica\u00e7\u00f5es para anticoagulantes e de patologia concomitante. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" id=\"animacao-3d-protese-da-valvula-aortica\"><video controls><source data-src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/dev_wiki_voka_io_303011\/articles\/Acquired%20Heart%20Diseases\/Aortic%20valve%20insufficiency\/AVR_Wiki_sound.webm\" type=\"video\/webm\"><\/source><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anima\u00e7\u00e3o 3D \u2013 Pr\u00f3tese da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Plastia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica e opera\u00e7\u00f5es de preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As interven\u00e7\u00f5es reconstrutivas s\u00e3o utilizadas em doentes com regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica devido a prolapso em flocos, deformidade fibr\u00f3tica local ou dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da raiz da aorta. As principais t\u00e9cnicas pl\u00e1sticas incluem: <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ressec\u00e7\u00e3o e plicatura da faixa \u2013 utilizada para o prolapso da faixa, que \u00e9 corrigido atrav\u00e9s do encurtamento e fixa\u00e7\u00e3o da faixa;<\/li>\n<li>Reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o dos retalhos com autoperic\u00e1rdio ou peric\u00e1rdio animal \u2013 utilizado em caso de deforma\u00e7\u00e3o grave dos retalhos, quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio restaur\u00e1-los sem substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula;<\/li>\n<li>As opera\u00e7\u00f5es de preserva\u00e7\u00e3o valvar s\u00e3o prefer\u00edveis para pacientes jovens, pois evitam a terapia anticoagulante por toda a vida. No entanto, requerem retalhos anatomicamente preservados e t\u00eam indica\u00e7\u00f5es mais rigorosas. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong> Opera\u00e7\u00e3o de David<\/strong> \u2013 a v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica \u00e9 reimplantada numa pr\u00f3tese vascular artificial, fixando os retalhos, o que evita que divirjam durante a dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da raiz da aorta.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Opera\u00e7\u00e3o de Jakub<\/strong> \u2013 remodela\u00e7\u00e3o da raiz da aorta com substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da sua parte dilatada por uma pr\u00f3tese vascular sem fixa\u00e7\u00e3o do anel fibroso, preservando a sua pr\u00f3pria v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"faq-title h2-article\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">1. O que \u00e9 a insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica? <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Esta \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o em que as abas da v\u00e1lvula n\u00e3o fecham completamente e algum sangue retorna da aorta para o ventr\u00edculo esquerdo durante a di\u00e1stole.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">2. Existe insufici\u00eancia cong\u00e9nita da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Sim, a insufici\u00eancia a\u00f3rtica cong\u00e9nita \u00e9 comum, embora menos comum do que as formas adquiridas. Pode estar associada a: <br \/>\u2022 V\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica bic\u00faspide (a anomalia cong\u00e9nita mais comum que predisp\u00f5e \u00e0 regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o); <br \/>\u2022 Defeitos de desenvolvimento dos retalhos (fecho insuficiente por encurtamento ou deformidade); <br \/>\u2022 S\u00edndromes do tecido conjuntivo (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos), em que \u00e9 poss\u00edvel a dilata\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta e da \u00e1rea valvular.  <\/p>\n<p>A forma cong\u00e9nita progride frequentemente de forma lenta, mas requer um acompanhamento regular, uma vez que pode ser necess\u00e1ria uma corre\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica ao longo do tempo.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">3. Quais s\u00e3o os sintomas da insufici\u00eancia a\u00f3rtica?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Os sintomas dependem da forma (aguda ou cr\u00f3nica) e da gravidade: <br \/>\u2022 <strong>RA aguda<\/strong>: dispneia grave, edema pulmonar, fraqueza, hipotens\u00e3o, choque (requer cuidados de emerg\u00eancia); <br \/>\u2022 <strong>RA cr\u00f3nica<\/strong>: <\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li>Fase inicial: evolu\u00e7\u00e3o assintom\u00e1tica ou palpita\u00e7\u00f5es, pulsa\u00e7\u00e3o no pesco\u00e7o\/cabe\u00e7a;<\/li>\n<li>Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o: dispneia aos esfor\u00e7os, angina de peito (devido \u00e0 diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do fluxo sangu\u00edneo coron\u00e1rio), ataques noturnos de asfixia;<\/li>\n<li>Descompensa\u00e7\u00e3o: edema, aumento do f\u00edgado, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da toler\u00e2ncia \u00e0 atividade f\u00edsica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">4. Quais s\u00e3o os sinais auscultat\u00f3rios carater\u00edsticos da insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">Ru\u00eddo diast\u00f3lico de sopro no bordo superior direito do esterno (segundo espa\u00e7o intercostal), que aumenta com o doente sentado, inclinado para a frente.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item faq-answer-hidden\">\n<div class=\"question-block\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">\n<p class=\" text-black h5-title\">5. Quais s\u00e3o as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para a insufici\u00eancia a\u00f3rtica?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer text-main-text-color main-text-medium\">\u2022 Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e corre\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o para reduzir a carga do VE; <br \/>\u2022 Check-ups regulares: ecocardiograma 1-2 vezes por ano para avaliar a din\u00e2mica; <br \/>\u2022 Atividade f\u00edsica: exerc\u00edcio moderado (caminhar, nadar), mas evitar treino de for\u00e7a intenso; <br \/>\u2022 Preven\u00e7\u00e3o da endocardite: Profilaxia antibi\u00f3tica antes de interven\u00e7\u00f5es dent\u00e1rias\/cir\u00fargicas (conforme indicado); <br \/>\u2022 Tratamento cir\u00fargico: se sintomas ou sinais de disfun\u00e7\u00e3o do VE (PV <50%, QDR >70 mm). <\/p>\n<p><strong>Importante<\/strong>: Na forma assintom\u00e1tica, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria observa\u00e7\u00e3o, e em caso de sintomas \u2013 encaminhamento atempado para um cardiologista para decidir sobre a quest\u00e3o da cirurgia.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"expand-button-wrapper\"><button class=\"text-accent expand-button\">+<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-list-block sources-list-hidden\" id=\"lista-de-fontes\">\n<div class=\"sources-list-content\">\n<div class=\"sources-list-title\">\n<p class=\"small-text-bold text-black sources-list-title-text\">Lista de fontes<\/p>\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button-wrapper-mobile\">\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 12L16 20L24 12\" stroke=\"#8C9AAB\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-list-items\">\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, Capodanno D, Conradi L, De Bonis M, De Paulis R, Delgado V, Freemantle N, Gilard M, Haugaa KH, Jeppsson A, J\u00fcni P, Pierard L, Prendergast BD, S\u00e1daba JR, Tribouilloy C, Wojakowski W; ESC\/EACTS Scientific Document Group. Eur Heart J. 2022 Feb 12;43(7):561-632. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">Burden of valvular heart disease, 1990-2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Chen J, et al. J Glob Health. Sep 8;10(2):020404. doi: 10.7189\/jogh.10.020404.    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">3.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">Aortic Valve Regurgitation: A Comprehensive Review. Oluwaseun A. Akinseye MD, MPH Aradhana Pathak MD Uzoma N. Ibebuogu MD. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2018 Aug; 43(8):315-334. doi: 10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2017.10.004.    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">TAVI and the future of aortic valve replacement. Howard C, Jullian L, Joshi M, Noshirwani A, Bashir M, Harky A. J Card Surg. 2019 Dec;34(12):1577-1590. doi: 10.1111\/jocs.14226.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">5.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">Aortic Valve Repair for Aortic Insufficiency Due to Cusp Prolapse. David TE. Ann Thorac Surg.   2023. Feb;115(2):436. doi: 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2022.06.047. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source-item\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">6.<\/p>\n<div class=\"source-item-content\">\n<p class=\"main-text-semibold text-black\">Aortic Regurgitation. Flint N, Wunderlich NC, Shmueli H, Ben-Zekry S, Siegel RJ, Beigel R. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Jun 3;21(7):65. doi: 10.1007\/s11886-019-1144-6.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"sources-expand-button\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 12L16 20L24 12\" stroke=\"#8C9AAB\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica (IVA) \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a card\u00edaca em que as abas da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica n\u00e3o fecham completamente, fazendo com que o sangue flua para tr\u00e1s (regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o) da aorta para o ventr\u00edculo esquerdo. Epidemiologia A etiologia Fisiopatologia A regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica aguda desenvolve-se subitamente, mais frequentemente devido a endocardite infecciosa, dissec\u00e7\u00e3o da aorta ou [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","diseases_category":[293],"class_list":["post-910","diseases_post","type-diseases_post","status-publish","hentry","diseases_category-cardiologia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Insufici\u00eancia da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica (regurgita\u00e7\u00e3o a\u00f3rtica): Sintomas, diagn\u00f3stico, tratamento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A insufici\u00eancia a\u00f3rtica \u00e9 um defeito card\u00edaco em que as abas da v\u00e1lvula a\u00f3rtica n\u00e3o fecham completamente, causando refluxo de sangue da aorta para o ventr\u00edculo esquerdo. 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