{"id":1961,"date":"2025-12-11T15:07:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T12:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/glossary\/vegetation\/"},"modified":"2025-12-11T15:07:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T12:07:37","slug":"vegetation","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/vegetation\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e9g\u00e9tations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations (du latin vegetatio<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0animation, croissance\u00a0\u00bb) sont un terme pathomorphologique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9signant des excroissances anormales, souvent villeuses ou papillaires, qui d\u00e9passent de la surface de la peau ou des muqueuses.<\/p>\n\n

Il est extr\u00eamement important de comprendre qu’il s’agit d’un terme purement descriptif. La signification sp\u00e9cifique, la composition cellulaire, la cause et l’importance clinique des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction de leur localisation et du contexte. Ce terme rev\u00eat une importance particuli\u00e8re en cardiologie (pour l’endocardite), en dermato-v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie (dans le cas d’une infection \u00e0 HPV) et en oto-rhino-laryngologie (v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes).<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e9g\u00e9tations en cardiologie (endocardite)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

En cardiologie, les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations sont des masses friables fix\u00e9es aux valves cardiaques ou \u00e0 l’endocarde, qui constituent un signe cl\u00e9 de l’endocardite infectieuse<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Composition\u00a0:<\/strong> Elles constituent un conglom\u00e9rat de fibrine, de plaquettes, de cellules inflammatoires et de colonies de micro-organismes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Physiopathologie\u00a0:<\/strong> Elles se forment sur la surface endommag\u00e9e de la valve, o\u00f9 les microbes se d\u00e9posent lors de la bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie. La matrice fibrino-plaquettaire prot\u00e8ge les bact\u00e9ries du syst\u00e8me immunitaire, favorisant ainsi l’infection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Importance clinique\u00a0:<\/strong> Elles repr\u00e9sentent un danger mortel en raison du risque d’embolie<\/strong> (d\u00e9tachement d’un fragment avec d\u00e9veloppement d’un accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral ou d’infarctus d’autres organes) et de destruction de la valve<\/strong> avec d\u00e9veloppement d’une insuffisance cardiaque aigu\u00eb. Le diagnostic est pos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’aide d’une \u00e9chocardiographie (\u00e9chographie cardiaque).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    V\u00e9g\u00e9tations en dermatologie et v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie (verrues ano-g\u00e9nitales)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Dans ce contexte, le terme \u00ab\u00a0v\u00e9g\u00e9tations\u00a0\u00bb est synonyme de condylomes acumin\u00e9s, ou verrues ano-g\u00e9nitales.<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • \u00c9tiologie\u00a0:<\/strong> Elles sont caus\u00e9es par des types de virus du papillome humain (HPV) <\/strong>\u00e0 faible risque oncog\u00e8ne, le plus souvent de types\u00a06 et\u00a011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Physiopathologie\u00a0:<\/strong> Le virus provoque une prolif\u00e9ration excessive des cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales, ce qui entra\u00eene l’apparition d’excroissances papillaires typiques de couleur beige ou rose, ressemblant \u00e0 des \u00ab\u00a0choux-fleurs\u00a0\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Importance clinique\u00a0:<\/strong> Il s’agit d’une infection sexuellement transmissible courante. Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations sont localis\u00e9es sur la peau et les muqueuses des organes g\u00e9nitaux externes et de la r\u00e9gion p\u00e9rianale. Elles ne constituent pas un \u00e9tat pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reux, mais provoquent une g\u00eane physique et psychologique importante et n\u00e9cessitent un traitement (ablation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      V\u00e9g\u00e9tations en oto-rhino-laryngologie (v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

      Le terme \u00ab\u00a0v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> (ou simplement ad\u00e9no\u00efdes) est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9crire une augmentation (hypertrophie) pathologique des tonsilles pharyngiennes.<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      • \u00c9tiologie\u00a0:<\/strong> L’hypertrophie r\u00e9sulte d’une inflammation chronique et d’une stimulation immunitaire. Elle touche le plus souvent les enfants d’\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire et primaire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Physiopathologie\u00a0:<\/strong> Il se produit une prolif\u00e9ration du tissu lympho\u00efde normal situ\u00e9 dans la vo\u00fbte du nasopharynx.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Importance clinique\u00a0:<\/strong> Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes hypertrophi\u00e9es obstruent les voies respiratoires du nasopharynx et les orifices des tubes auditifs, ce qui entra\u00eene une difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 respirer par le nez, des ronflements, un syndrome d’apn\u00e9e obstructive du sommeil et des otites moyennes r\u00e9currentes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

        Diagnostic et importance diff\u00e9rentielle<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

        L’approche diagnostique d\u00e9pend enti\u00e8rement de la localisation. Le diagnostic des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations cardiaques repose sur une \u00e9chocardiographie et une culture sanguine\u00a0; les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ano-g\u00e9nitales sont diagnostiqu\u00e9es lors d’un examen visuel\u00a0; et le diagnostic des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes est pos\u00e9 sur la base d’une endoscopie nasopharyng\u00e9e. Ainsi, malgr\u00e9 leur nom commun d\u00e9crivant une apparence similaire (\u00ab\u00a0excroissance\u00a0\u00bb), les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l’endocardite, \u00e0 l’infection \u00e0 HPV et aux v\u00e9g\u00e9tations ad\u00e9no\u00efdes sont trois processus pathologiques totalement diff\u00e9rents par leur nature, leur structure, leurs causes et leurs cons\u00e9quences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations (du latin vegetatio, \u00ab animation, croissance \u00bb) sont un terme pathomorphologique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9signant des excroissances anormales, souvent villeuses ou papillaires, qui d\u00e9passent de la surface de la peau ou des muqueuses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1961","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u00e9g\u00e9tations : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations (du latin vegetatio, \u00ab animation, croissance \u00bb) sont un terme pathomorphologique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9signant des excroissances anormales, souvent villeuses ou papillaires, qui d\u00e9passent de la surface de la peau ou des muqueuses.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta 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