{"id":1801,"date":"2025-11-13T14:46:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T11:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/?post_type=glossary_item&#038;p=1801"},"modified":"2025-11-13T14:46:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T11:46:02","slug":"leucemie","status":"publish","type":"glossary_item","link":"https:\/\/wiki.dev.voka.io\/fr\/glossaire\/leucemie\/","title":{"rendered":"Leuc\u00e9mie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La leuc\u00e9mie, ou leucose, est une maladie maligne (oncologique) du syst\u00e8me h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tique. Elle se caract\u00e9rise par la multiplication et l&rsquo;accumulation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9es de leucocytes (globules blancs) anormaux dans la moelle osseuse.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le processus pathologique commence dans la moelle osseuse, o\u00f9 une cellule h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tique mute et donne naissance \u00e0 un clone tumoral. Ces cellules leuc\u00e9miques supplantent et suppriment progressivement les cellules h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tiques normales, ce qui entra\u00eene le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une an\u00e9mie, de saignements et de complications infectieuses graves.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x444;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;-&#x438;-&#x43F;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x444;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;\"><strong>Classification et physiopathologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Les leuc\u00e9mies sont class\u00e9es selon deux crit\u00e8res principaux\u00a0: leur \u00e9volution (aig\u00fces et chroniques) et le type de cellules affect\u00e9es (lymphoblastiques et my\u00e9loblastiques). Cela permet de distinguer quatre groupes principaux de maladies\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie lymphoblastique aig\u00fce (LLA).<\/strong> Plus fr\u00e9quente chez les enfants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie my\u00e9lo\u00efde aig\u00fce (LMA).<\/strong> Leuc\u00e9mie aig\u00fce la plus fr\u00e9quente chez les adultes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie lympho\u00efde chronique (LLC).<\/strong> Typique chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leuc\u00e9mie my\u00e9lo\u00efde chronique (LMC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Dans les leuc\u00e9mies aig\u00fces, des cellules immatures (blastes) se multiplient dans la moelle osseuse et la maladie progresse tr\u00e8s rapidement. Dans les leuc\u00e9mies chroniques, les cellules tumorales sont plus matures et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la maladie est lente, souvent asymptomatique aux stades pr\u00e9coces.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435;-&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;\"><strong>Importance clinique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Les manifestations cliniques des leuc\u00e9mies sont dues \u00e0 la suppression de l&rsquo;h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se normale. Les sympt\u00f4mes sont souvent non sp\u00e9cifiques\u00a0: faiblesse et p\u00e2leur (dues \u00e0 l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie), infections fr\u00e9quentes (dues au manque de leucocytes normaux), saignements des gencives, ecchymoses et saignements de nez (dus au manque de plaquettes). Des douleurs osseuses, une hypertrophie des n\u0153uds lymphatiques et de la rate peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre observ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le diagnostic commence par un h\u00e9mogramme qui permet de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler les changements caract\u00e9ristiques. Le diagnostic d\u00e9finitif et la d\u00e9termination du type de leuc\u00e9mie sont \u00e9tablis \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un examen de la moelle osseuse (ponction sternale ou biopsie au tr\u00e9pan).<\/p>\n\n<p>Le traitement d\u00e9pend du type de leuc\u00e9mie, de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du patient et d&rsquo;autres facteurs. Il comprend la chimioth\u00e9rapie, la th\u00e9rapie cibl\u00e9e, l&rsquo;immunoth\u00e9rapie et la greffe de cellules souches h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La leuc\u00e9mie, ou leucose, est une maladie maligne (oncologique) du syst\u00e8me h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tique. Elle se caract\u00e9rise par la multiplication et l&rsquo;accumulation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9es de leucocytes (globules blancs) anormaux dans la moelle osseuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1801","glossary_item","type-glossary_item","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Leuc\u00e9mie : d\u00e9finition m\u00e9dicale et description | Voka Wiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La leuc\u00e9mie, ou leucose, est une maladie maligne (oncologique) du syst\u00e8me h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e9tique. 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